Blog cell proliferation reagent wst 1 ctgf elisa

Catalase Assay

The subtleties of an exact, precise, and touchy spectrophotometric technique for it are introduced here to gauge catalase movement. The examine was laid out for organic examples and relies upon the fast arrangement of a steady and hued carbonato-cobaltate (III) complex. Tests showing catalase movement are hatched with hydrogen peroxide answer for 2 min before quick blending of the brooding enzymatic response combination with cobalt-bicarbonate reagent, which evaluates non-responding hydrogen peroxide. Catalase action is generally straightforwardly corresponding to the pace of separation of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide acts to oxidize cobalt (II) to cobalt (III) within the sight of bicarbonate particles; this cycle closes with the creation of a carbonato-cobaltate (III) complex ([Co (CO3)3]Co). The framed final result has two most extreme absorbance tops: 440 nm and 640 nm. The 440-nm top has been used for surveying catalase movement.

Catalase

Catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) is a significant compound that demonstrations to separate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into atomic oxygen (O2) and water (H2O) . Catalase has an atomic weight equivalent to 250 kDa and comprises of four hemoprotein bunches [2]. Like other cancer prevention agent compounds, catalase is additionally present in plants and creature cells such erythrocytes, renal cells and hepatic cells . Catalase is additionally created by a wide range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic life forms.

An intracellular chemical has been found in most facultative anaerobes and every single oxygen consuming bacterium, however is absent in commit anaerobes. Catalase is the second most plentiful enzymatic cell reinforcement (after superoxide dismutase), which weakens the degrees of receptive oxygen species that universally go with obsessive problems like maturing, waterfall, malignant growth, healthful lack, atherosclerosis, and diabetes [5].

The mainly normal technique for estimating catalase action is the UV spectrophotometric strategy, which relies upon observing the difference in 240 nm absorbance at elevated degrees of hydrogen peroxide arrangement (≥30 mM). Elevated degrees of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) quickly lead to restraint of the catalase catalyst by changing its dynamic site structure, in spite of the fact that there is variety in the degree to which this happens. Furthermore, there is a requirement for a technique for ceaselessly surveying low catalase action against a high foundation level of absorbance in light of the fact that numerous cell constituents, for example, nucleic acids and proteins, show extraordinary retention at 240 nm .

Different techniques for estimating catalase action have been created, including those including iodometry  chemiluminescence , polarimetry, and checking the development of oxygen through an oxygen anode or a low-stream gas meter. These techniques are tedious and unseemly for clinical application. On the other hand, catalase movement can be estimated quantitatively by titration of the unreacted overabundance of hydrogen peroxide . In any case, this strategy might be related with trouble in end-point assurance .

This paper reports a straightforward examine for estimating catalase movement that incorporates the estimation of hydrogen peroxide spectrophotometrically. This strategy is liberated from the obstruction that outcomes from the presence of amino acids, proteins, sugars, and fats in the concentrated on example.

A Simple Assay for Measuring Catalase Activity: A Visual Approach

Catalase is an omnipresent cell reinforcement catalyst that debases hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen1. A few microbes produce catalase to shield themselves against assaults by hydrogen peroxide, a weapon generally utilized by the host’s invulnerable framework, notwithstanding oxidative pressure. A past report has truth be told shown that a catalase-lacking freak microbe was more helpless than its wild-type strain to the oxidative pressure incited by hydrogen peroxide and insusceptible cell assaults (which include hydrogen peroxide)2. It is in this manner valuable to gauge the catalase movement of microbes to acquire a superior comprehension of the fundamental systems of their pathogenicity, including their obstruction towards oxidative pressure.

To address these difficulties, in this review, we fostered an examine that consolidates the straightforwardness and effortlessness of the subjective methodology for estimating catalase movement. The examine utilizes straightforward and promptly accessible reagents, to be specific hydrogen peroxide, Triton X-100, and catalase. We applied this examine to clinical disengages and research center types of E. coli and its subsidiaries conveying changes in the catalase qualities or in their administrative variables, and human cells.

The hidden guideline of this approach is that the oxygen bubbles created from the decay of hydrogen peroxide by catalase are caught by the surfactant Triton X-100. The caught oxygen bubbles are then pictured as froth, the test-tube level of which is estimated to measure the catalase action.

Fast Kinetic Microassay for Catalase Activity.

Catalase is a very much concentrated on compound created by a wide range of eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. The chemical is for the most part evaluated utilizing examines that depend on either the abatement in absorbance of hydrogen peroxide at λ = 240 nm2 or by estimating oxygen discharge with Clark-type electrodes.3 As motor measures, these are typically acted in single-cell logical instruments. The absence of an approved microassay is hence restricting, despite the fact that it is frequently alluring to test enormous quantities of tests in equal, to look at the blend of compounds because of explicit inducers or in freaks that are insufficient in the amalgamation of at least one of the chemicals.

EnzyChrom Catalase Assay Kit

ECAT-100 BioAssay Systems 100 394.8 EUR

EnzyChrom Phenylalanine Assay Kit

EPHE-100 BioAssay Systems 100 459.6 EUR

EnzyChrom Phospholipd Assay Kit

EPLP-100 BioAssay Systems 100 524.4 EUR

EnzyChrom Pyruvate Assay Kit

EPYR-100 BioAssay Systems 100 472.8 EUR

EnzyChrom Invertase Assay Kit

EIVT-100 BioAssay Systems 100 564 EUR

EnzyChrom Lactulose Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Malate Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Maltose Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Neuraminidase Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Ammonia Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Oxaloacetate Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Acetate Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Oxalate Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Histamine Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Glutamine Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Glutamate Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Glycerol Assay Kit

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EnzyChrom Fumarase Assay Kit

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The accessibility of microtiter plate perusers with expanded UV capacity, the production of microtiter plates with polymers having broadened UV straightforwardness, and the need to measure modest quantities of protein movement incited us to inspect the chance of fostering an extensively appropriate catalase microassay. However microtiter plate examines have been utilized to quantify catalase activity,4 there has not been an engaged specialized study to approve the strategy. In the current review, we tried an alteration of the Beers and Sizer assay2 that can be utilized to advantageously measure enormous quantities of tests in equal and assess the relevance of this microassay in view of its responsiveness, examine reach, and reproducibility.

Blog cell proliferation reagent wst 1 ctgf elisa

FastAmp Plant Direct PCR Kit

The Mag-Bind Plant DNA DS 96 Kit permits fast and dependable segregation of top notch genomic DNA from plants and different tissues that are especially hard to lyse or extremely high in polysaccharide content. The lysis and restricting cradles are explicitly intended to limit co-decontamination of polysaccharides and polyphenols. Up 96 examples of 50 mg wet tissue (or 15 mg dry tissue) can be handled in equal in under 60 minutes.

The framework joins CTAB-based lysis, which takes out the requirement for natural solvents, with the comfort of Mag-Bind Particles to dispose of polysaccharides, phenolic mixtures, and protein inhibitors from plant tissue lysates.

This pack is intended for manual or completely mechanized high throughput readiness of genomic, chloroplast, and mitochondrial DNA. Refined DNA is appropriate for PCR, limitation absorption, cutting edge sequencing, and hybridization applications. There are no natural extractions along these lines diminishing consumables and diminishing involved chance to permit numerous examples to be handled in equal.

Direct, quick, and dependable methodology

  1. Versatile in most mechanical fluid taking care of stage
  2. Conventions are accessible for the accompanying computerized stage:
  3. Hamilton Microlab STAR
  4. Hamilton Microlab NIMBUS
  5. KingFisher, BioSprint, and MagMAX 96

Continuous PCR Data Analysis

From Ct investigation of your constant PCR quality articulation tests, to allele bunch examination of Applied Biosystems TaqMan SNP Assay information, to CNV duplicate number assurance, to HRM-bend age, we make programming that empowers you to effortlessly break down information from your continuous PCR instrument. And all of our investigation apparatuses have been streamlined for use with Applied Biosystems™ TaqMan Assays on Applied Biosystems constant PCR research use instruments.

Ace Mixes for clinical and non-clinical applications — TaqMan, TaqPath and SYBR Green.

Constant PCR (otherwise called quantitative PCR or qPCR) is the concurrent enhancement and recognition/measurement of nucleic acids utilizing the polymerase chain response (PCR). qPCR is an adaptable strategy and an incredible asset to help your exploration applications. Figure out enhanced genuine opportunity PCR ace blends, reagents, and units to control your investigations here.

PrimeTaq HotStart Direct PCR DNA Polymerase

PrimeTaq HotStart Direct PCR DNA Polymerase has hot beginning property and high resistance to numerous PCR inhibitors. High resilience conveys accommodation for DNA enhancement by permitting PCR straightforwardly from tests without earlier DNA sanitization. With hot beginning property, the polymerase is 100 percent latent underneath 50°C and can be totally recuperated solely after warming at 95°C for 5 min. Along these lines, the framework can actually restrain vague PCR intensification, enormously working on the particularity and awareness. The polymerase has 5 ‘- 3’ exonuclease action, without 3 ‘- 5’ exonuclease movement.

Benefits

Fast enhancement: The intensification pace of the polymerase is 6kb/min. 1kb piece can be enhanced inside 25min.Long piece enhancement: For plasmid, λ DNA, and other simple layouts, the polymerase can actually intensify > 20kb. For the genome, the polymerase can really enhance > 8kb. Furthermore, for cDNA, the polymerase can really enhance > 8kb.

AXYPREP MAG PLANT DNA-10 PREP

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AXYPREP MAG PLANT DNA-384 PREP

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AXYPREP MAG PLANT DNA-96 PREP

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Eplivanserin (mixture)

HY-10792A MedChemExpress 5mg 198 EUR

PAH Mixture

CLPS-B-5K Scientific Laboratory Supplies 1ML 192.66 EUR

dNTP mixture (10mM)

DD0056 Bio Basic 0.5ml 75.66 EUR

dNTP mixture (25mM)

DD0057 Bio Basic 0.5ml 95.5 EUR

CASEIN MEAT MIXTURE

C03-106-10kg Alphabiosciences 10 kg 1221.6 EUR

CASEIN MEAT MIXTURE

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CASEIN MEAT MIXTURE

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NTP Mixture (10mM)

ND0056 Bio Basic 0.5ml 110.11 EUR

NTP Mixture (25mM)

ND0057 Bio Basic 0.5ml 185.28 EUR

Universal qPCR Mixture

QPCR1000-UNIV Bio Basic 4X1.25ml 331.44 EUR

Antibody for Plant HSC70 (plant)

SPC-302D Stressmarq 0.1ml 439.2 EUR

Antibody for Plant HSP17.6 (Plant)

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Antibody for Plant HSP17.7 (Plant)

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Antibody for Plant HSP21 (Plant)

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DKW Basal Salt Mixture

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  • High particularity: With hot beginning innovation, the polymerase is 100 percent idle beneath 50°C, and must be reestablished by warming at 95°C for 5min.
  • High resilience to pollutions: Samples of entire blood, serum, refined cells, and pee can be straightforwardly intensified without earlier DNA filtration.
Blog cell proliferation reagent wst 1 ctgf elisa novex gel

Dog IgM SPARCL Assay .

The canine IgM SPARCL1 (Spatial Proximity Analyte Reagent
Catch Luminescence, ref 1) examine utilizes two fondness filtered IgM µchain explicit antibodies. One is formed to horseradish peroxidase (HRP), the other to acridan, a chemiluminescent
substrate. At the point when HRP and acridan formed IgM antibodies tie to
IgM they are brought into nearness. With the expansion of
hydrogen peroxide, HRP catalyzes oxidation of proximal acridan
particles causing a glimmer of chemiluminescence. Acridan
formed antibodies far off from HRP produce no sign. This
standard permits the improvement of a homogeneous measure that
permits quick assurance of IgM focuses.

The HRP and acridan formed antibodies furnished with the unit are
blended in with norms and weakened examples in wells of the 96-well
white SPARCL plate furnished with the kit2. After brooding for 30
minutes on a shaker at 25oC and 150 rpm, the plate is set into a
luminometer. Trigger arrangement containing hydrogen peroxide is
infused into each well and radiance is promptly estimated.
The centralization of IgM is corresponding to radiance and is
gotten from a standard bend.

Since the canine IgM SPARCL measure utilizes a homogenous arrangement, a
prozone or snare impact happens at high IgM fixations. For this
reason, and to stay away from network impacts, serum or plasma tests ought to
at first be tried at weakenings of 16,000 crease. While estimating IgM in
other organic liquids or concentrates, tests ought to be tried at a
series of weakenings to guarantee that misleading low qualities are not
gotten due to either prozone or framework impacts.

MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

Materials furnished with the unit:
 Hostile to IgM HRP stock Store ≤ – 70oC
 Against IgM acridan stock Store ≤ – 70oC
 IgM stock Store ≤ – 70oC
 Diluent; CSD50-1, 2 x 50 ml
 Trigger arrangement; TS7-1, 7 ml
 White SPARCL™ plate (12 x 8-well)
 Clear untreated 96-well plate
Materials required however not gave:
 Accuracy pipettes and tips
 Polypropylene microcentrifuge tubes
 Vortex blender
 Plate hatchery/shaker
 Luminometer equipped for concurrent infusion/estimation
 Bend fitting programming

SPARCL for Antibody Screening


Highlights and Benefits:

  • Homogeneous configuration: No covering or hindering of ELISA plates
  • No washing design: No plate washers required, no washing steps
  • A solitary brief hatching step: Significant decrease of work costs
  • Streak Luminescence announcing: Rapid outcomes, no looking out for variety
  • Adaptable examine plan: Rapid test advancement
  • High Throughput: Efficient and savvy process
  • Marking with NHS science: No tidy up subsequent to naming required

Strong Data Integration Method for Classification of Biomedical Data.

We present a convention for incorporating two sorts of natural information – clinical and atomic – for more compelling grouping of patients with malignant growth. The proposed approach is a half and half among right on time and late information mix system. In this half and half convention, the arrangement of instructive clinical elements is reached out by the order results in light of sub-atomic informational indexes.

The outcomes are then treated as new engineered factors. The crossover convention was applied to METABRIC bosom disease tests and TCGA urothelial bladder carcinoma tests. Different information types were utilized for clinical endpoint expectation: clinical information, quality articulation, substantial duplicate number abnormalities, RNA-Seq, methylation, and converse stage protein cluster.

The exhibition of the half and half information combination was assessed with a rehashed cross approval methodology and contrasted and different techniques for information mix.

Early mix and late reconciliation by means of super learning. The half and half technique gave comparable outcomes to those got by the best of the tried variations of super learning. Furthermore, the half breed technique took into account further awareness examination and recursive component end, which prompted conservative prescient models for malignant growth clinical endpoints.

For bosom disease, the last model comprises of eight clinical factors and two manufactured highlights got from atomic information. For urothelial bladder carcinoma, just two clinical elements and one engineered variable were important to construct the best prescient model. We have shown that the incorporation of the manufactured factors in view of the RNA articulation levels and duplicate number changes can prompt better nature of prognostic tests. In this manner, it ought to be considered for consideration in more extensive clinical practice.

A Bacteria-Inspired Morphology Genetic Biomedical Material: Self-Propelled Artificial Microbots for Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer Treatment

Morphology hereditary biomedical materials (MGBMs), alluding to manufacturing materials by gaining from the hereditary morphologies and systems of regular species, hold extraordinary potential for biomedical applications. Enlivened by the freight conveying bacterial treatment (microbots) for disease treatment, a MGBM (counterfeit microbots, AMBs) was developed. As opposed to the inborn bacterial properties (destructive chemotaxis, growth attack, cytotoxicity), AMBs additionally had shrewd nitric oxide (NO) age technique.

Swine HEPATITIS E virus Antibodies IgM

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Human Hepatitis E Virus IgM (HEV IgM) ELISA Kit

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human hepatitis E virus IgM,HEV-IgM ELISA Kit

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Human hepatitis E virus IgM(HEV-IgM)ELISA Kit

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Human hepatitis E virus IgM(HEV-IgM)ELISA Kit

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Human hepatitis E virus IgM(HEV-IgM)ELISA Kit

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Human Hepatitis E virus antibody(IgM)ELISA Kit

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Human Hepatitis E virus antibody(IgM)ELISA Kit

1-CSB-E04812h Cusabio
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  • 1 plate of 96 wells
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Human Hepatitis E Virus Antibody IgM (HEV-IgM) ELISA Kit

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HEV Hepatitis E Virus Ab IgM ELISA test

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Human Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) IgM Rapid Test Kit

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Hepatitis E Virus protein

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Hepatitis E Virus protein

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Hepatitis E Virus antibody

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Mouse anti- hepatitis E virus IgM antibody ELISA Kit

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ELISA Kit for IgM Antibody to Hepatitis E Virus

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Human HEV-IgM(hepatitis E virus-Immunoglobulin M) ELISA Kit

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ELISA kit for Human Hepatitis E virus antibody (IgM)ELISA Kit

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Imitating the bacterial development, the hyaluronic corrosive (HA) polysaccharide was actuated as a covering container of AMBs to accomplish long dissemination in blood and explicit tissue inclination (cancer tropism). Covered under the container like polysaccharide was the combinatorial specialist, oneself get together built by the amphiphilic dendrons with bountiful l-arginine deposits incidentally (as endogenous NO giver) and hydrophobic chemotherapeutic medications at the center stacking on the outer layer of SWNTs (the photothermal specialist) for a powerful chemo-photothermal treatment (chemo-PTT) and the evoked resistant treatment.

Blog cell proliferation reagent wst 1 ctgf elisa

Mouse IgG (H and L chains) Peroxidase Monoclonal Antibody.

TMB  is a chromogenic substrate for Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP). TMB produces a dark blue tone during the enzymatic debasement of hydrogen peroxide by HRP, and the expansion of a stop arrangement gives an unmistakable yellow variety that assimilates at 450 nm. This substrate gives higher sign and has a higher responsiveness in ELISA than OPD (ortho-phenylenediamine dichloride).

TMB PLUS2 attributes are:

  • Medium awareness
  • Exceptionally low foundation
  • Watery based – no natural solvents (REACH Annex XVII agreeable)
  • Low parcel to-part variety
  • For recognizable pipetting, we suggest utilizing pink shaded TMB PLUS2 Prestained (feline. no. 4445). The pink marker vanishes after expansion of the stop arrangement.

Biologics

Organic items, like helpful proteins, monoclonal antibodies, immunizations, and cell and quality treatment items have become progressively significant. Not at all like customary artificially incorporated drugs that follow up on a hydrophobic pocket of a protein to initiate or restrain a kinase pathway, biotherapeutics pharmacological activity is by means of restricting to its objective or immunomodulation.

Because of the mind boggling nature of organic items, researchers experience various difficulties from early medication revelation through improvement. For instance, during recognizable proof of a clone with the ideal immunogenicity that can show restricting explicitness to the objective and resulting adjustment or get the ideal safe reaction, and further during clone portrayal, increase, and creation of these items.

From revelation through assembling, tackling enormous atom medications to make protected and successful treatments is perplexing and costly. PerkinElmer empowers researchers to create and smooth out their whole biologics work process so they can defeat these difficulties and bring reliable, superior grade, organic medications to showcase quicker.

Biomolecular Discovery.

Biotherapeutics drug revelation, similar as customary little atom drug disclosure, begins with approval of the helpful objective. Much of the time approving the objective means there is an adequate number of information to relate the objective to an infection state, and the objective can be regulated with a biologic helpful.

The beginning phases of medication revelation are basic and require information driven forward leaps, computerized work processes to improve on complex examination to save time and permit researchers to concentrate in the new organic substance (NBE) disclosure and early portrayal to empower accomplishment during drug advancement.

Our specialists can plan your computerization needs from nucleic corrosive segregation to quality articulation examination accoupled with cutting edge measure stages considering symmetrical hit affirmation involving various sciences in a high throughput design, speeding up your way from target ID to lead disclosure.

In what species was the essential immunizer created?

Optional antibodies are coordinated against the types of the essential counter acting agent. In this manner, you will require an optional neutralizer that is brought up in an animal varieties not quite the same as the host types of the essential counter acting agent. For instance, on the off chance that your essential immunizer is brought up in a mouse, you will require an enemy of mouse auxiliary neutralizer brought up in goat, hare, and so on.

What is the class (isotype) or potentially subclass of the essential immune response?

This question is essentially significant while working with monoclonal antibodies. Polyclonal antibodies, notwithstanding, are regularly IgG class immunoglobulins. Consequently, the auxiliary antibodies will fundamentally be an enemy of IgG immune response.

Monoclonal antibodies are most ordinarily evolved in mice and every so often in rodents, hamsters, or bunnies. For instance, assuming the essential monoclonal immunizer is mouse IgM, one would need an optional counter acting agent that responds with mouse IgM (hostile to Mouse IgM).

In the event that the essential monoclonal is one of the mouse IgG subclasses, practically any enemy of mouse IgG auxiliary immunizer ought to tie to it. On the off chance that the subclass of the essential immunizer isn’t known, then, at that point, hostile to Mouse IgG F(ab) optional antibodies might be utilized since they perceive most mouse immunoglobulin subclasses.

Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Oligo dT Primer: Dog Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Oligo dT Primer: Chicken Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Oligo dT Primer: Mouse Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Oligo dT Primer: Rat Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Oligo dT Primer: Monkey Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Oligo dT Primer: Human Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Random Hexamer: Dog Normal Tissues

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Chicken (Normal/Adult) Universal (pool of tissue cDNA)

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amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Platinum Master Mix, Oligo dT/Random Hexamer

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amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Platinum Master Mix, Oligo dT/Random Hexamer

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amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Platinum Master Mix, Oligo dT/Random Hexamer

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amfiRivert cDNA Synthesis Platinum Master Mix, Oligo dT/Random Hexamer

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200UL YELLOW, STERILIZED UNIVERSAL FIT PIPET TIPS WITH REFERENCE LINES

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200UL CLEAR MAXYMUM RECOVERY UNIVERSAL FIT PIPET TIPS WITH REFERENCE LINES

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Random Hexamer: Chicken Normal Tissues

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Universal cDNA Reverse Transcribed by Random Hexamer: Mouse Normal Tissues

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There are many classes and subclasses of human and mouse IgG(s). Picking an optional might be troublesome. In any case, one normal element among these IgG(s) are the light chains (kappa and lambda). At the end of the day, IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD and IgE all have either kappa or lambda light chains. The weighty chain, in any case, is class explicit.

Blog cell proliferation reagent wst 1 ctgf elisa novex gel

Mouse Anti-Zika Virus NS1 Antibody (D11):Biotin Conjugate.

Genome association of SARS-CoV-2 is like that of SARS-CoV, with both being coordinated into two principle open understanding edges (ORFs) and a few more modest downstream ORFs. Two enormous ORFs, ORF1a and ORF1b, encode two polyproteins which are separated by viral encoded proteases bringing about a few non-primary proteins (nsp). ORF1a encodes a 440-500 kDa polypeptide (pp1a) which is enzymatically handled to produce 11 nsps. The second ORF, ORF1b, encodes a bigger polypeptide (pp1ab) of 740-810 kDa which is separated to create 16 nsps.

What are SARS-CoV-2 Structural Proteins?

Four significant primary proteins have been recognized in SARS-CoV-2 including spike, nucleocapsid, layer, and envelope proteins, what share critical character with SARS-CoV. These four underlying proteins are encoded by ORF2-10 and are expected for viral coat arrangement and genome encapsidation. Contrasted with nsps, underlying proteins get higher insusceptible reactions, both humoral and cell interceded.

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein.

The spike protein in SARS-CoV-2 (1,273 aa) is a viral surface glycoprotein with two significant utilitarian spaces, the S1 (14-667 aa) and S2 (668-1255 aa) areas, which intervene cell receptor restricting and film combination, individually. Viral connection and section into have cells is subject to the communication of the spike’s receptor-restricting area with explicit cell proteins.

The angiotensin changing over protein 2 (ACE-2) and the protease TMPRSS2 have been recognized as the cell receptor and preparing protease expected for SARS-CoV-2 cell passage, separately. The protease TMPRSS2 or potentially cathepsin L separate the spike protein at the S1-S2 intersection, permitting the combination of viral envelope and cell films expected for viral passage. SARS-CoV-2 may likewise be divided by furin which perceives a four amino corrosive arrangement at the S1-S2 intersection. Other than cleavage of the spike protein at the S1-S2 intersection, cell proteases sever the S2 subunit at a perceived S2′ arrangement which is basic for actuation of the spike protein and ensuing layer combination.

How Spike Protein Sequences Compare Between SARS-CoV-2 versus SARS-CoV ?

The surface glycoprotein or spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 offers 76% arrangement character with SARS-CoV’s spike protein . Novus Biologicals offers a few antibodies for the identification of SARS-CoV spike protein which are approved in a few applications (e.g., ELISA, Flow, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P, IP, Simple Western, SPR, WB). Novus Innovator’s Reward Program permits you to test a portion of these accessible antibodies for the discovery of SARS-CoV-2. Also, through Novus’ 100 percent promise you can test antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 targets offering 90% or more prominent homology to proteins in SARS-CoV. Become familiar with our 100 percent assurance and Innovator’s Reward Program.

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein.

The nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (419 aa) is situated inside the center of the SARS-CoV-2 viral molecule and connects with the viral RNA. During viral gathering, the nucleocapsid protein assumes a focal part in pressing the viral RNA genome. This cycle is reliant upon its capacity to self-partner not set in stone for the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein. SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein has been embroiled in different capacities, for example, the balance of host cell processes including cell cycle liberation, hindrance of IFN creation, and acceptance of proinflammatory variables (e.g., COX-2).

How Nucleocapsid Protein Sequences Compare Between SARS-CoV-2 versus SARS-CoV?

SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein imparts 91% arrangement personality to the SARS-CoV protein . Novus Biologicals offers a few antibodies for the identification of SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein which are approved in a few applications (e.g., ELISA, Flow, ICC/IF, IHC, IHC-P, IP, Simple Western, WB).

Basic Western investigation of (Left) recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein (10474-CV) with SARS Nucleocapsid Protein Antibody [NB100-56683]. SARS Nucleocapsid protein was stacked at 20 ng/mL and identified utilizing sequential weakenings of the Rabbit Anti-SARS-CoV Nucleocapsid Protein Polyclonal Antibody (NB100-56683) trailed by HRP-formed Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody.

Simple Western investigation of SARS-CoV-2 (1:50), MERS (1:100), OC43 (1:100), and 229E (1:100) lysates. A particular band was identified for SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein just in the SARS-CoV-2 lysate. Location depended on the utilization of Rabbit Anti-SARS-CoV Nucleocapsid Protein Polyclonal Antibody [NB100-56683] followed by HRP-formed Anti-Goat IgG Secondary Antibody.

Note: some reactivity saw with FL Std 230. SARS-CoV-2 lysate politeness of University of Maryland. These trials were led under diminishing circumstances and utilizing the 12-230 kDa division framework.

Distribution Highlight: Development of a Rhesus Macaque Model of COVID-19.

Biotin-HPDP

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Biotin-HPDP

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Biotin-HPDP

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Biotin-HPDP

A8008-100 ApexBio 100 mg 373.2 EUR

Biotin-HPDP

A8008-5.1 ApexBio 10 mM (in 1mL DMSO) 129.6 EUR

Biotin-HPDP

A8008-50 ApexBio 50 mg 309.6 EUR

ACE2 Antibody (biotin)

3217-biotin-002mg ProSci 0.02 mg 229.7 EUR

ACE2 Antibody (biotin)

3217-biotin-01mg ProSci 0.1 mg 594.26 EUR

CX3CR1 Antibody (biotin)

2093-biotin-002mg ProSci 0.02 mg 206.18 EUR

CX3CR1 Antibody (biotin)

2093-biotin-01mg ProSci 0.1 mg 523.7 EUR

Anti-human CD14 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00137-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 279.6 EUR

Anti-human CD11b Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00144-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 182.4 EUR

Anti-human CD19 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00154-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 182.4 EUR

Anti-human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00193-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 182.4 EUR

Anti-human CD25 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00214-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 279.6 EUR

Anti-human CD4 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00344-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 182.4 EUR

Anti-human CD5 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00480-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 279.6 EUR

Anti-human CD45 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00555-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 182.4 EUR

Anti-human CD2 Monoclonal Antibody Biotin Conjugated, Flow Validated

FC00570-Biotin BosterBio 100µg 279.6 EUR

A new report fostered a creature model of SARS-CoV-2 contamination in rhesus macaques (presently additionally distributed by Nature “Respiratory sickness in rhesus macaques vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 “) and used the bunny polyclonal hostile to SARS-CoV nucleocapsid counter acting agent [NB100-56576] to recognize the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in tainted tissues effectively.

lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix
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lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix

Description: Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x) is an optimized and highly efficient freeze-dried reaction mixture developed for realtime PCR. This master mix was engineered with a dual hot-start enzyme control mechanism to provide the highest detection sensitivity. In addition, the latest developments in PCR enhancers have been incorporated in the Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix, including buffer chemistry and incorporation of highly robust engineered enzymes. This master mix does not contain ROX and it was specifically developed for probe-detection technology, including molecular beacons. For qPCR instruments that require ROX reference dye, please add ROX (Cat. No. MB406) according to the table presented in the section “ROX reference dye”. Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x) is provided as a simple-to-use, stabilized 2x reaction mixture that includes all components for quantitative PCR, except sample DNA, primers, probe and water.

Features:
– Eco-friendly room temperature shipment
– Stable at room temperature for 1 month
– Dual hot-start mode
– Ultra-sensitive: detects low-copy number targets
– Batch-to-batch reproducibility
– Intra-batch reproducibility
– Simple and reproducible
– Compatible with multiple real-time platforms

Components:
– Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x)
– qPCR master mix reconstitution buffer

Applications:
– Real-time qPCR
– Two-step RT-qPCR
– Developed for probe-detection technology

New Lyo qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x)

Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x)

Description: Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x) is an optimized and highly efficient freeze-dried reaction mixture developed for realtime PCR. This master mix was engineered with a dual hot-start enzyme control mechanism to provide the highest detection sensitivity. In addition, the latest developments in PCR enhancers have been incorporated in the Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix, including buffer chemistry and incorporation of highly robust engineered enzymes. This master mix does not contain ROX and it was specifically developed for probe-detection technology, including molecular beacons. For qPCR instruments that require ROX reference dye, please add ROX (Cat. No. MB406) according to the table presented in the section “ROX reference dye”. Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x) is provided as a simple-to-use, stabilized 2x reaction mixture that includes all components for quantitative PCR, except sample DNA, primers, probe and water.

lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix
lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix

Features:
– Eco-friendly room temperature shipment
– Stable at room temperature for 1 month
– Dual hot-start mode
– Ultra-sensitive: detects low-copy number targets
– Batch-to-batch reproducibility
– Intra-batch reproducibility
– Simple and reproducible
– Compatible with multiple real-time platforms

Components:
– Lyo NZYSupreme qPCR Probe Master Mix (2x)
– qPCR master mix reconstitution buffer

Entrans 2X qPCR Probe Master Mix

RK21208 40 RXN Ask for price

AceQ U+ Probe Master Mix

Q113-02 500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 320.4

AceQ U+ Probe Master Mix

Q113-03 2500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 1010.4

HotTaq Probe qPCR Mix (ROX)

BT11001 250rxn
EUR 130.8
Description: High quality HotTaq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

HotTaq Probe qPCR Mix (Capillary)

BT11003 250rxn
EUR 130.8
Description: High quality HotTaq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

HotTaq Probe qPCR Universal Mix

BT11004 250rxn
EUR 147.6
Description: High quality HotTaq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix

HY-K0501 5 mL (500 rxns)
EUR 315.6

RT Master Mix for qPCR

HY-K0510 1 mL (100 rxns)
EUR 349.2

Fast Probe Master Mix (200 rxn)

31005 2x1ML
EUR 280.8
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 2x1ML

Fast Probe Master Mix (500 rxn)

31005-1 5x1ML
EUR 559.2
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 5x1ML

Fast Probe Master Mix (5000 rxn)

31005-2 50x1ML
EUR 4645.2
Description: Minimum order quantity: 1 unit of 50x1ML

ChamQ Geno-SNP Probe Master Mix

Q811-02 500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 332.4

ChamQ Geno-SNP Probe Master Mix

Q811-03 2500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 1107.6

HotTaq Probe qPCR Mix (no ROX)

BT11002 250rxn
EUR 130.8
Description: High quality HotTaq polymerase for different PCR variations and downstream applications.

2x SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix

B21202 5 mL
EUR 268.8
Description: Our 2x SYBR Green qPCR master mix performs toe to toe in all qPCR assays with the most well known brands on the market but surpases them significantly in cost-efficiency.

2x SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix

B21203 25 mL
EUR 1027.2
Description: Our 2x SYBR Green qPCR master mix performs toe to toe in all qPCR assays with the most well known brands on the market but surpases them significantly in cost-efficiency.

AceQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix

Q511-02 500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 265.2

AceQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix

Q511-03 2500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 775.2

ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix

Q711-02 500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 265.2

ChamQ Universal SYBR qPCR Master Mix

Q711-03 2500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 775.2

AceQ U+ Universal Probe Master Mix V2

Q513-02 500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 320.4

AceQ U+ Universal Probe Master Mix V2

Q513-03 2500 rxn (20 μl/rxn)
EUR 1010.4

Accuris qMax Probe No Rox qPCR Mix

PR2001-N-1000 1 PC
EUR 561.29

miRNA Universal SYBR® qPCR Master Mix

MQ101-01 125 rxn(20 μl/rxn)
EUR 165.6

miRNA Universal SYBR® qPCR Master Mix

MQ101-02 500 rxn(20 μl/rxn)
EUR 290.4

SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (High ROX)

HY-K0521 1 mL (100 rxns)
EUR 135.6

SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (Low ROX)

HY-K0522 5 mL (500 rxns )
EUR 308.4

SYBR Green qPCR Master Mix (No ROX)

HY-K0523 5 mL (500 rxns )
EUR 308.4

 

 

t.spot covid
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t.spot covid

HIGHLIGHTS

  • TSPOT.COVID is an ELISpot interferon gamma-release assay for SARS-CoV-2
  • TSPOT.COVID identifies a T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and N peptides
  • 2–8 weeks post SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis TSPOT.COVID detected 98% of infections
  • In comparison, immunoglobulin G (IgG) serology detected 83% of infections in the same period
  • Cellular immune response activated sooner and lasted longer than antibodies

Abstract

Objective

To evaluate the performance of the T-SPOT.COVID test for identifying SARS-CoV-2-responsive T-cells in participants with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods

The T-SPOT.COVID test uses ELISpot interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) methodology to measure T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike S1 and nucleocapsid peptides. T-SPOT.COVID and anti-N immunoglobulin (Ig) G serology tests were performed on blood from 186 patients with nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-confirmed-SARS-CoV-2 infection and 100 control group participants.

Results

In the 2–8 weeks after NAAT-diagnosed SARS-CoV-2 infection, the T-SPOT.COVID test detected 98.4% (63 of 64) of infected participants, while anti-N IgG serology detected 82.8%. In the first 2 weeks after diagnosis, during adaptive immune response activation, there were less reactive T-SPOT.COVID responses (75.7%, 28 of 37 infected participants) and many less seropositive responses (32.4%). Response numbers tapered after 8 weeks; however, T-SPOT.COVID test continued to detect most participants with confirmed infection (83.6%, 56 of 67) and continued to out-perform serology (52.2%). T-SPOT.COVID response due to cross-reactive T cells was ruled out by demonstrating that, of 44 control group participants with T cells responsive to 4 human common cold coronavirus peptides, only 1 was T-SPOT.COVID reactive.

Conclusion

The T-SPOT.COVID test performed well in detecting SARS-CoV-2-sensitized T-cells over many months

Introduction

Long-term protection from infectious agents, such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is mediated by T cells and antibody-mediated immunity of the adaptive immune system (

Sette and Crotty, 2021

). The T-SPOT.COVID test was developed to identify the presence of SARS-CoV-2-responsive T cells.

T cells contribute to the understanding of SARS-CoV-2 infections in many ways. T cells can identify past SARS-CoV-2 infections at a time when PCR tests would be negative and antibodies levels may be waning (

Dan et al., 2021

;

Gudbjartsson et al., 2020

;

Poland et al., 2020

). T cells can provide immune memory lasting for months (

Dan et al., 2021

) and perhaps years, as suggested by the discovery of T cells to the SARS-CoV-1 coronavirus 17 years after infection (

Le Bert et al., 2020

). T cells may act independently of antibodies to control a SARS-CoV-2 infection, as shown by the recovery of COVID-19 patients who lack detectable antibodies but have SARS-CoV-2-responsive T cells (

Gallais et al., 2021

;

Sekine et al., 2020

). T cells also show reactivity to numerous SARS-CoV-2 epitopes, so have the potential to protect against many SARS-CoV-2 variants (

Grifoni et al., 2020

;

Tarke et al., 2021

). T cell-based assays can probe the longevity of an immune response following a SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination (

Goletti et al., 2021

;

Liu et al., 2021

;

Reynolds et al., 2021

). These various roles suggest that a T cell assay can be a key contributor to SARS-CoV-2 investigations.

The T-SPOT.COVID test, an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) assay, identifies T cells in peripheral blood that release interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in response to stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 peptides. The T-SPOT.COVID test builds on the T-SPOT platform (Oxford Immunotec) used worldwide for tuberculosis and cytomegalovirus testing and the research version, the T-SPOT Discovery SARS-CoV-2 test (

Liu et al., 2021

;

t.spot covid
t.spot covid
Wyllie et al., 2021

). The T-SPOT.COVID ELISpot methodology is performed in many laboratories and offers a standardized comparison of T cell immunity among participants. In addition, ELISpot assays normalize the number of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), thus maintaining test effectiveness in participants with lymphopenia, a commonly reported condition in many COVID-19 patients (

Altmann and Boyton, 2020

) and immunosuppressed people.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the T-SPOT.COVID test to detect T cell responses in participants with or without a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and to compare the T-SPOT.COVID test results with anti-N immunoglobulin (Ig)G serology results in the first several months after infection.

Materials and Methods

2.1 Participant recruitment

Participants for this single-center, cross-sectional study were recruited from patients who had attended the outpatient Primacare medical center in Fall River, Massachusetts, USA, between November 30, 2020, and March 24, 2021, a time of high demand for COVID-19 testing. Among other healthcare services, Primacare provided COVID-19 testing to anyone wanting or required to be tested. The New England Center for Clinical Research (NECCR) invited participants to join the study if they had received a positive SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) at Primacare or if NECCR deemed them to be at low risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As this study was run independently from the participants’ healthcare providers, clinical data such as chest x-rays and hospitalizations records were not obtained. Informed consent and study approval were obtained from the Advarra institutional review board by NECCR at Primacare.
Confirmed-infection group: A NAAT, which detects the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was used to identify people infected with SARS-CoV-2 at the time of testing (

Rai et al., 2021

). Participants in the confirmed-infection group were recruited from asymptomatic and symptomatic patients who had had a positive SARS-CoV-2 NAAT result within the past 9 months. The date of the first positive NAAT result was considered the date of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood was drawn for Abbott SARS-CoV-2 chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) anti-N IgG serology and T-SPOT.COVID tests between 0 to 249 days after diagnosis.

The analysis of responses was divided into 3 time periods: 0 to 2 weeks after diagnosis (0 to 14 days); 2+ to 8 weeks after diagnosis (15 to 56 days); and 8+ weeks after diagnosis (57+ days).
Control group: Many SARS-CoV-2 studies use frozen pre-pandemic blood for control samples; however, the T-SPOT platform requires fresh blood to ensure consistent results. Therefore fresh blood was obtained from control group participants prospectively recruited from individuals with low risk of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Requirements for enrollment included no current or prior signs or symptoms of COVID-19, no known contact with a confirmed SARS-CoV-2-infected individual, no prior history of a positive SARS-CoV-2 NAAT, no SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, and no prior diagnosis with SARS-CoV-1 or Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). In addition, the BIOHIT HealthCare SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow anti-N IgM/IgG serology test was performed at enrollment, and the 1 person with a positive BIOHIT result was not enrolled. Blood was drawn at enrollment for testing with T-SPOT.COVID and the Abbott CMIA anti-N IgG serology test and anyone with a positive serology result was excluded from the control group.

2.2 T-SPOT.COVID test

The T-SPOT.COVID test includes over 250 SARS-CoV-2 peptides (15-mer peptides overlapping by 11 amino acids) in 2 antigen peptide pools; one pool contains peptides from the spike S1 protein, including the receptor-binding domain, and the other contains peptides from the nucleocapsid protein.
Blood samples for the T-SPOT.COVID test were processed and analyzed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, blood samples were drawn into lithium heparin tubes which were shipped overnight to Oxford Immunotec (Abingdon, UK) in temperature-controlled shipping boxes. Next, the T-Cell Xtend reagent (Oxford Immunotec) was added to the samples, and PBMCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, washed, counted, and 250 000 cells/well were plated into 4 wells of a 96-well plate.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Antibody

3531-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 206.18
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Envelope protein is a small polypeptide that contains at least one alpha-helical transmembrane domain. It involves in several aspects of the virus's life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis. E protein has membrane permeabilizing activity, which provides a possible rationale to inhibit in vitro ion channel activity of some synthetic coronavirus E proteins, and also viral replication (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Antibody

3531-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 523.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. Envelope protein is a small polypeptide that contains at least one alpha-helical transmembrane domain. It involves in several aspects of the virus's life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis. E protein has membrane permeabilizing activity, which provides a possible rationale to inhibit in vitro ion channel activity of some synthetic coronavirus E proteins, and also viral replication (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody

9099-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody

9099-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody

9103-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Nucleocapsid Antibody

9103-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2). Nucleocapsid (N) protein is the most abundant protein of coronavirus. It is also one of the major structural proteins and is involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNA, packaging of the encapsidated genome into virions (3), and interference with cell cycle processes of host cells (4). Moreover, in many coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV, the N protein has high immunogenic activity and is abundantly expressed during infection (5). It can be detected in various patient samples including nasopharyngeal aspirate, urine, and fecal. Both S and N proteins may be potential antigens for serodiagnosis of COVID-19, just as many diagnostic methods have been developed for diagnosing SARS based on S and/or N proteins (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Antibody

9155-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP7 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). It forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Antibody

9155-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP7 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). It forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Peptide

9155P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP7 Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Antibody

9157-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2).The membrane (M) protein or matrix protein is the most abundant structural protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope (3). It is an integral membrane protein involved in the budding of the viral particles and interacts with S (Spike) protein. It involves in organization of the nucleoprotein inside, which includes many copies of the N (nucleocapsid) protein bound to the genomic RNA. The M protein holds dominant cellular immunogenicity and has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses, which suggests it would serve as a potential target in vaccine design (4).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Antibody

9157-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2).The membrane (M) protein or matrix protein is the most abundant structural protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope (3). It is an integral membrane protein involved in the budding of the viral particles and interacts with S (Spike) protein. It involves in organization of the nucleoprotein inside, which includes many copies of the N (nucleocapsid) protein bound to the genomic RNA. The M protein holds dominant cellular immunogenicity and has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses, which suggests it would serve as a potential target in vaccine design (4).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Peptide

9157P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Antibody

9159-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP8 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Antibody

9159-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP8 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide

9159P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Antibody

9161-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP9 may participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Antibody

9161-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP9 may participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide

9161P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Antibody

9163-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP9 may participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Antibody

9163-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP9 may participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide

9163P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP9 Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Antibody

9165-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2).The membrane (M) protein or matrix protein is the most abundant structural protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope (3). It is an integral membrane protein involved in the budding of the viral particles and interacts with S (Spike) protein. It involves in organization of the nucleoprotein inside, which includes many copies of the N (nucleocapsid) protein bound to the genomic RNA. The M protein holds dominant cellular immunogenicity and has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses, which suggests it would serve as a potential target in vaccine design (4).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Antibody

9165-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus. The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (1). SARS-CoV-2 is the seventh member of the enveloped, positive-stranded RNA viruses that are able to infect humans. The SARS-CoV-2 genome, like other coronaviruses, encodes for multiple structural and nonstructural proteins. The structural proteins include spike protein (S), envelope protein (E), membrane glycoprotein (M), nucleocapsid phosphoprotein (N), and the nonstructural proteins include open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab), ORF3a, ORF6, ORF7a, ORF8, and ORF10 (2).The membrane (M) protein or matrix protein is the most abundant structural protein and defines the shape of the viral envelope (3). It is an integral membrane protein involved in the budding of the viral particles and interacts with S (Spike) protein. It involves in organization of the nucleoprotein inside, which includes many copies of the N (nucleocapsid) protein bound to the genomic RNA. The M protein holds dominant cellular immunogenicity and has been determined as a protective antigen in humoral responses, which suggests it would serve as a potential target in vaccine design (4).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Peptide

9165P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Membrane Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Antibody

9167-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP8 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Antibody

9167-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP8 plays a role in viral RNA synthesis (3,4,5). Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, it may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers (6).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide

9167P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP8 Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Antibody

9169-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. The envelope protein is a small polypeptide that contains at least one α-helical transmembrane domain. It involves in several aspects of the virus's life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis. E protein has membrane permeabilizing activity, which provides a possible rationale to inhibit in vitro ion channel activity of some synthetic corona virus E proteins, and also viral replication (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Antibody

9169-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. The envelope protein is a small polypeptide that contains at least one α-helical transmembrane domain. It involves in several aspects of the virus's life cycle, such as assembly, budding, envelope formation, and pathogenesis. E protein has membrane permeabilizing activity, which provides a possible rationale to inhibit in vitro ion channel activity of some synthetic corona virus E proteins, and also viral replication (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Peptide

9169P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Envelope Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Antibody

9171-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP2 may play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Antibody

9171-01mg 0.1 mg
EUR 594.26
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP2 may play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses (3).

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Peptide

9171P 0.05 mg
EUR 235.5
Description: SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Peptide

SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) NSP2 Antibody

9173-002mg 0.02 mg
EUR 229.7
Description: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), formerly known as 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease, is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, a virus closely related to the SARS virus (1). The disease is the cause of the 2019–20 coronavirus outbreak (2). The structure of 2019-nCoV consists of the following: a spike protein (S), hemagglutinin-esterease dimer (HE), a membrane glycoprotein (M), an envelope protein (E) a nucleoclapid protein (N) and RNA. NSP2 may play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses (3).